🇬🇧 English 4ème

Grammar, Vocabulary & Communication

📚 Grammar - La grammaire

The Present Perfect

Le Present Perfect exprime une action passée qui a un lien avec le présent.

Formation :

HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE

  • I have finished my homework. (J'ai fini mes devoirs)
  • She has lived here for 5 years. (Elle vit ici depuis 5 ans)
  • They have never been to London. (Ils ne sont jamais allés à Londres)
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have worked I haven't worked Have I worked?
You have worked You haven't worked Have you worked?
He/She has worked He/She hasn't worked Has he/she worked?
We have worked We haven't worked Have we worked?
They have worked They haven't worked Have they worked?

Emplois du Present Perfect :

  • Expérience de vie : I have been to Paris.
  • Action récente : I have just finished.
  • Durée jusqu'au présent : I have known him since 2010.
  • Changement : The town has changed a lot.

Modal Verbs

Les modaux expriment la capacité, la possibilité, l'obligation, l'interdiction...

Modal Meaning Example Traduction
CAN Capacité, possibilité I can swim Je sais nager
COULD Capacité passée, politesse Could you help me? Pourriez-vous m'aider ?
MUST Obligation forte You must study Tu dois étudier
MUSTN'T Interdiction You mustn't smoke Il ne faut pas fumer
SHOULD Conseil You should rest Tu devrais te reposer
MAY Permission, possibilité May I come in? Puis-je entrer ?
WILL Futur, volonté I will help you Je vais t'aider

Comparative and Superlative

Pour comparer des éléments en anglais.

Adjectifs courts (1-2 syllabes) :

  • Comparatif : ADJ + ER + THAN
  • Superlatif : THE + ADJ + EST

Exemples : tall → taller than → the tallest

Adjectifs longs (3+ syllabes) :

  • Comparatif : MORE + ADJ + THAN
  • Superlatif : THE MOST + ADJ

Exemples : beautiful → more beautiful than → the most beautiful

Adjectif Comparatif Superlatif
good better than the best
bad worse than the worst
far farther than the farthest
little less than the least

📖 Vocabulary - Le vocabulaire

Daily Life - La vie quotidienne

House and Home :

English Pronunciation Français
bedroom /ˈbedruːm/ chambre
kitchen /ˈkɪtʃɪn/ cuisine
living room /ˈlɪvɪŋ ruːm/ salon
bathroom /ˈbæθruːm/ salle de bain
garden /ˈɡɑːdən/ jardin
garage /ˈɡærɑːʒ/ garage

School Subjects :

  • Mathematics /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/ - Mathématiques
  • History /ˈhɪstəri/ - Histoire
  • Geography /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ - Géographie
  • Science /ˈsaɪəns/ - Sciences
  • Physical Education (PE) - Éducation physique
  • Art /ɑːt/ - Arts plastiques
  • Music /ˈmjuːzɪk/ - Musique

Food and Drinks - Nourriture et boissons

Category English Pronunciation Français
Fruits apple /ˈæpəl/ pomme
banana /bəˈnænə/ banane
orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ orange
strawberry /ˈstrɔːbəri/ fraise
Vegetables carrot /ˈkærət/ carotte
tomato /təˈmɑːtəʊ/ tomate
potato /pəˈteɪtəʊ/ pomme de terre
onion /ˈʌnjən/ oignon

Useful Food Expressions :

  • I'm hungry - J'ai faim
  • I'm thirsty - J'ai soif
  • It's delicious! - C'est délicieux !
  • Can I have the bill, please? - L'addition, s'il vous plaît ?
  • I'd like to order... - Je voudrais commander...

Emotions and Feelings

Basic Emotions :

Positive :
• Happy /ˈhæpi/
• Excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/
• Proud /praʊd/
• Confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/
• Grateful /ˈɡreɪtfəl/
Negative :
• Sad /sæd/
• Angry /ˈæŋɡri/
• Worried /ˈwʌrid/
• Disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/
• Frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/

⏰ Tenses - Les temps

Future Tenses

1. Will + Base Verb (Future Simple)

Pour exprimer une prédiction, une promesse, une décision spontanée.

  • It will rain tomorrow. (Il pleuvra demain)
  • I will help you. (Je vais t'aider)
  • She won't come. (Elle ne viendra pas)

2. Be going to + Base Verb

Pour exprimer une intention, un projet, une prédiction basée sur des indices.

  • I'm going to study medicine. (Je vais étudier la médecine)
  • Look at the clouds! It's going to rain. (Il va pleuvoir)

3. Present Continuous for Future

Pour exprimer un projet précis, planifié.

  • I'm meeting John tomorrow at 3 PM. (Je rencontre John demain à 15h)
  • We're flying to New York next week. (Nous prenons l'avion pour New York la semaine prochaine)

Past Tenses Review

Past Simple

Action achevée

I walked to school yesterday.

Formation : V + ED (réguliers)

Past Continuous

Action en cours

I was walking when it rained.

Formation : WAS/WERE + V-ING

Present Perfect

Lien avec le présent

I have lived here for 3 years.

Formation : HAVE/HAS + V3

Base Form Past Simple Past Participle Traduction
go went gone aller
take took taken prendre
see saw seen voir
do did done faire
make made made fabriquer
come came come venir

💬 Communication

At the Restaurant

Dialogue Example :

Waiter: Good evening! Welcome to our restaurant. Do you have a reservation?

Customer: Yes, we have a table for four under the name Smith.

Waiter: Perfect! Right this way, please. Here are your menus.

Customer: Thank you. Could we have some water, please?

Waiter: Of course. Are you ready to order?

Customer: I'd like the chicken salad, please.

Waiter: Excellent choice! And to drink?

Customer: An orange juice, please.

Useful Restaurant Phrases :

  • Could I see the menu, please? - Pourrais-je voir le menu ?
  • What do you recommend? - Que recommandez-vous ?
  • I'm allergic to nuts. - Je suis allergique aux noix.
  • Could we have the bill? - Pourrions-nous avoir l'addition ?
  • The service was excellent! - Le service était excellent !

Asking for Directions

Street Dialogue :

Tourist: Excuse me, could you help me? I'm looking for the train station.

Local: Of course! Go straight ahead for about 200 meters.

Tourist: Straight ahead... okay.

Local: Then turn left at the traffic lights.

Tourist: Turn left at the traffic lights.

Local: Yes, and the station will be on your right, next to the shopping center.

Tourist: Thank you so much! How long does it take to walk there?

Local: About 10 minutes. You can't miss it!

Direction Vocabulary :

  • Go straight ahead - Allez tout droit
  • Turn left/right - Tournez à gauche/droite
  • At the corner - Au coin
  • Opposite - En face
  • Next to - À côté de
  • Between - Entre
  • Traffic lights - Feux de circulation
  • Roundabout - Rond-point

Making Plans

Useful Expressions :

  • What are you doing this weekend? - Que fais-tu ce week-end ?
  • Would you like to come with us? - Veux-tu venir avec nous ?
  • That sounds great! - Ça a l'air génial !
  • I'm sorry, I can't make it. - Désolé, je ne peux pas venir.
  • Let's meet at 6 PM. - Retrouvons-nous à 18h.
  • See you tomorrow! - À demain !

🏛️ Culture - English-speaking Countries

The United Kingdom

UK Facts :

  • Capital: London
  • Countries: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland
  • Population: About 67 million
  • Currency: Pound Sterling (£)
  • Famous landmarks: Big Ben, Tower Bridge, Stonehenge

British Traditions :

  • Tea time: Traditional afternoon tea with biscuits
  • Fish and chips: National dish
  • Double-decker buses: Iconic red buses in London
  • The Royal Family: Constitutional monarchy
  • Football: Most popular sport (called "football," not "soccer")

The United States

USA Facts :

  • Capital: Washington D.C.
  • States: 50 states
  • Population: About 330 million
  • Currency: US Dollar ($)
  • Famous cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago

American Culture :

  • Thanksgiving: 4th Thursday in November
  • Baseball: America's pastime
  • Hollywood: Movie industry center
  • Fast food: Hamburgers, pizza, hot dogs
  • Independence Day: July 4th

Differences: British vs American English

British English American English Français
lift elevator ascenseur
biscuit cookie biscuit
petrol gas/gasoline essence
football soccer football
autumn fall automne
colour color couleur
centre center centre

🎯 Exercises - Exercices

1. Choose the correct form: "I _____ been to London."
has
have
had
having
2. Which modal expresses obligation?
can
may
must
could
3. Complete: "She is _____ than her sister." (tall)
4. What's the capital of the United Kingdom?
Manchester
London
Birmingham
Liverpool
5. How do you say "Au revoir" in English?
Hello
Goodbye
Thank you
Please
Score : 0 / 5